These factors have a curious effect on how and how far sound waves travel. Imagine a whale is swimming through the ocean and calls out to its pod. The whale produces sound waves that move like ripples in the water.
What is the average velocity of the air molecules in the room where you are right now? Why do the atmospheres of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, which are much more massive and farther from the Sun than Earth is, contain large amounts of hydrogen and helium?
The combination of those facts means that relatively few hydrogen and helium molecules have escaped from the outer planets. As a fraction of the total internal energy of a mole of gas, how big are the fluctuations in the internal energy? Are we justified in ignoring them?
Which is more dangerous, a closet where tanks of nitrogen are stored, or one where tanks of carbon dioxide are stored? One where nitrogen is stored, as excess will cause a feeling of suffocating, but excess nitrogen and insufficient oxygen will not. A person hits a tennis ball with a mass of 0. A person is in a closed room a racquetball court with hitting a ball around at random without any pauses. The average kinetic energy of the ball is 2.
Five bicyclists are riding at the following speeds: 5. Some incandescent light bulbs are filled with argon gas. What is for argon atoms near the filament, assuming their temperature is K? Typical molecular speeds are large, even at low temperatures.
What is for helium atoms at 5. What is the average kinetic energy in joules of hydrogen atoms on the surface of the Sun? What is the total translational kinetic energy of the air molecules in a room of volume if the pressure is the room is at fairly high elevation and the temperature is? Is any item of data unnecessary for the solution? The product of the pressure and volume of a sample of hydrogen gas at is There are 5. The escape velocity of any object from Earth is At what temperature would oxygen molecules molar mass is equal to The escape velocity from the Moon is much smaller than that from the Earth, only 2.
At what temperature would hydrogen molecules molar mass is equal to 2. Nuclear fusion, the energy source of the Sun, hydrogen bombs, and fusion reactors, occurs much more readily when the average kinetic energy of the atoms is high—that is, at high temperatures. Suppose you want the atoms in your fusion experiment to have average kinetic energies of.
What temperature is needed? Suppose that the typical speed of carbon dioxide molecules molar mass is What temperature does this indicate? What is the temperature? What is that velocity? There are two important isotopes of uranium, and ; these isotopes are nearly identical chemically but have different atomic masses.
Only is very useful in nuclear reactors. Separating the isotopes is called uranium enrichment and is often in the news as of this writing, because of concerns that some countries are enriching uranium with the goal of making nuclear weapons. One of the techniques for enrichment, gas diffusion, is based on the different molecular speeds of uranium hexafluoride gas,.
What is the ratio of their typical speeds? This temperature is equivalent to , which is high but not impossible to achieve. Thus, this process is feasible. At this temperature, however, there may be other considerations that make the process difficult.
In general, uranium enrichment by gaseous diffusion is indeed difficult and requires many passes. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the lungs is about Pa when the total pressure in the lungs is 1. What percentage of the air molecules in the lungs is carbon dioxide? Compare your result to the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, about 0. Dry air consists of approximately by mole, with trace amounts of other gases. A tank of compressed dry air has a volume of 1. How much oxygen does it contain in moles?
The molar mass of is Find the partial pressure of pentane in this mixture at an overall pressure of 1. Why have a few people climbed it without oxygen, while some who have tried, even though they had trained at high elevation, had to turn back? The pressure there is barely above the quickly fatal level.
Skip to content The Kinetic Theory of Gases. When a molecule collides with a rigid wall, the component of its momentum perpendicular to the wall is reversed. Viewed times. Improve this question. Boopathi Rajaa Boopathi Rajaa 1 1 gold badge 1 1 silver badge 5 5 bronze badges. If you mean would an ideal incompressible fluid have a higher speed of sound than that of air, then the answer is yes. So if you take an incompressible fluid which means infinite sound speed it would be instantaneous, but the fact the sound speed is finite is exactly why you can't assume that.
However: fluids can move faster than the speed of sound if you have shockwaves for instance, if you push the button faster than the speed of sound in the liquid. In that case, you get nonlinear effects, cavitation and quite possibly destruction of your hydraulics. Add a comment. Active Oldest Votes. Improve this answer. Pranav Hosangadi Pranav Hosangadi 4, 22 22 silver badges 34 34 bronze badges. If you move at normal human speeds i. Meaning, if you go running, the speed at which you run is so much smaller than the speed of sound in air that you can treat the air as being incompressible and then approximate the fluid equations of motion.
It is a maximum that can be achieved by the fluid. As you know, flow is induced due to a pressure difference between the upstream condition and the downstream condition.
To work out the speed of the sound in metres per second, divide the distance in metres by the average time in seconds. For example metres divided by 0. You have calculated the speed of sound!
Sound is caused by the simple but rapid mechanical vibrations of various elastic bodies. These when moved or struck so as to vibrate, communicate the same kind of vibrations to the auditory nerve of the ear, and are then appreciated by the mind.
The sound quality of a reproduction or recording depends on a number of factors , including the equipment used to make it, processing and mastering done to the recording, the equipment used to reproduce it, as well as the listening environment used to reproduce it. A: No. The speed of sound in air depends only on the temperature of the gas.
Sound is a vibration that spreads as a wave through particles, such as those in air. Pitch is a perceptual property of sounds that allows their ordering on a frequency-related scale, or more commonly, pitch is the quality that makes it possible to judge sounds as "higher" and "lower" in the sense associated with musical melodies. The speed of a sound wave depends on the properties of the medium through which it moves and the only way to change the speed is to change the properties of the medium.
Molecules at higher temperatures have more energy, thus they can vibrate faster. Since the molecules vibrate faster, sound waves can travel more quickly. The speed of sound in room temperature air is meters per second. The speed of sound is also affected by other factors such as humidity and air pressure.
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